To what extent does research on past tense morphology suggest that Paper

How much does on past tense morphology recommend that kids are brought into the world with intrinsic information on syntactic guidelines - Research Paper Example As indicated by the exploration discoveries the zone of language procurement in kids is loaded with contentions and counterarguments among significant etymologists. Commonly, the perspective either bunch accept totally negates the opposite group’s contention. The hypothetical methodology is in wide utilization in translation phonological and semantic securing of phonetic capacities in kids, and significant debates are recognizable along this measurement. Significant supporters of this discussion are Pinker and his associates on one side, and McClelland and their partners on the opposite side. McClelland and Patterson are to a great extent thoughtful to the suggestion of connectionists with respect to obtaining of semantic information. In any case, the points of view of either group of sociolinguists are especially disparate with respect to securing of past tense morphology in kids. This debate is of much enthusiasm to etymologists, and requires further testing and assessment o f the principles on which either belief system rests. The reason for this paper is to discuss the degree to which the two gatherings of analysts talk about the event of intrinsic information on syntactic principle s in kids. Prior examinations on the procurement of past morphologies gave knowledge into various elements influencing the procedure of past tense verbal affectation in youngsters. Kuczaj’s study was one of the spearheading takes a shot at language procurement of language in kids with respect to past tense emphasis. Not at all like earlier assumptions about past tense expression in youngsters, the examination demonstrated that the standard principle of ‘ed’ isn't bound to be overgeneralized to sporadic structures, for example, ‘hit’ than different types of unpredictable structures. Furthermore, there was a halfway legitimacy of the one of the study’s speculations that the two kinds of overgeneralization mistakes featured by the inves tigation had inquisitional pertinence. Thusly, restricted utilization of ordinary action words was critical in diminishing the quantity of overgeneralization mistakes. In outline, Kuczaj (589) backs the hypothesis that obtaining of past tense morphology in youngsters is subject to learning condition. Thusly, past tense articulation isn't an intrinsic procedure however a standard put together procedure put together with respect to information with respect to words and rules for preparing past tense verbal emphases. Inborn Understanding of Past tense with respect to Rule-Based model of language obtaining with all due respect of the standard based model, Pinker and Ullman seem to contradict the recommendation that the comprehension of past tense morphology is in any case intrinsic in children’s procurement of language. As per Pinker, kids depend on figuring out how to secure information on the utilization of past tense types of action words. Kids become familiar with the utiliza tion of past tense from basic types of past tenses, explicitly the utilization of ‘d’ and ‘ed’. Kids at that point make rules dependent on these guidelines, which additionally clarifies why most errors made with respect to past tense morpho

Integrated Marketing Communication Plan

Incorporated Marketing Communication Plan The primary point of the Integrated Marketing Communication plan is to gain (33%) of DiGi Telecommunications piece of the overall industry throughout the following 3 years in Malaysia. We are being selected as the showcasing expert by DiGi Telecommunications in Malaysia and we have break down the organizations promoting procedure in the field of their forthcoming portions, the picked target showcase, SWOT examination, brand mindfulness, item plan, item situating, publicizing and deals advancement. As a promoting specialist, we have notice that the DiGi Telecommunications used nonexclusive showcasing technique, for example, minimal effort pioneer in DiGi Prepaid brand administrations, brought about various first industry benchmarks for effortlessness and advancement, separated merchandise and enterprises fulfill the necessities of clients through a practical upper hand. Truth be told, in 31st March 2010, DiGi Telecommunications had 7.9 million versatile memberships, likewise the third biggest portable administrator in Malaysia. In Integrated Marketing plan, we will contribute in the zone, for example, gathering or section those kinds of potential and existing clients that are destined to profit by our DiGi product offering. Proceeding with that, we will set up our IMC goals to accomplish our point, which additionally covers the limited time blend for every one of the apparatuses also. Further, we will be taking a gander at the spending that we requirement for the entire IMC plan. In conclusion, we will assess the media devices that we select to see whether are successful or not. 2.0 Situation Analysis DiGi.Com Berhad is recorded on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad and is a piece of the worldwide media communications supplier, Telenor Group. Its portable help activities are embraced by its entirely possessed auxiliary, DiGi Telecommunications Sdn. Bhd. DiGi began opetaions in May 1995 when it propelled its completely computerized GSM1800 administrations, the principal advanced portable interchanges administration in Malaysia. In the course of the most recent five years, DiGis income has dramatically increased to roughly RM4.9 billion with a supporter base of 7.7 million. DiGi centers around making it simple, reasonable, accommodation and giving the best arrangements to guarantee its client involvement with portable and internet providers. DiGi nearness as pioneer in prepaid administrations brought about various firsts that have set industry benchmarks for innovativeness and development. These administrations are offered under the DiGi Prepaid brand name. DiGis postpaid administrations under the DiGi Postpaid brand name and DiGi Business convey quality voice just as worth included portable substance and information administrations to both individual and corporate clients. In late 2008, DiGi propelled its 14.4 Mbps 3G/HSPA organize, the Groups versatile broadband and portable web have been generally welcomed by the market. Presently DiGis versatile internet providers have a suggestion interchangeable called Quality web for less. (Source: DiGi Annual Report 2009)Æ'Â Appendix 6 2.1 Corporate Objectives and Marketing Objectives Vision: To be viewed as stars in astounding client experience Crucial: To surpass the clients desires, by conveying portable and internet providers simpler and offer the best arrangement Corporate Objectives: To lead in manageable and moral business into each part of the association To treat each individuals reasonably and dependably to enable them to arrive at maximum capacity To limit the natural effect and offering atmosphere well disposed answers for the clients To go past money related commitments and search for approaches to serve the network (Source: DiGi Annual Report 2009)Æ'Â Appendix 6 Showcasing Objectives: Conveying brilliant client experience that are basic, creative and of best worth DiGi business Clients are allowed to pick another versatile specialist organization without changing to another number To encourage the trading of data between versatile specialist organizations for porting exchanges and update directing data to all versatile specialist co-ops. (Source: DiGi Telecommunication, CPA MNP General FAQ)Æ'Â Appendix 7 2.2 SWOT Analysis We have done the SWOT investigation for DiGi Telecommunications. Qualities - Effective marking and promoting - Great advancement - Lowest prepaid charge rate Openings - Newest 3G broadband supplier - New way to deal with pull in corporate clients - Celcom and DiGi joint effort Shortcomings - Large global investors - Low income piece of the pie - High execute of new administrations Dangers - Competition regarding inclusion - Product impersonation - Spam Issue Qualities The DiGis Yellow Coverage Fellow (YCF) thought has won certainty from clients where it gives better inclusion to all clients around country. Also, DiGi regularly set up stalls in areas with numerous young people to win a great deal of clients. DiGi is the main telco in Malaysia that dispatches completely computerized cell arrange, GSM1800 administrations. In DiGi Campus bundle, the charge rate for sms is 0 penny to loved ones, and with the most reduced consider charge that further charge will be postponed after utilization of RM2. (Source: Sun Zi, Scribd)Æ'Â Appendix 8 Shortcomings The modified profit arrangement looked to convey least 80% of Groups yearly benefit to investors. This approach put focus on DiGi on profit installment. Moreover, the CFO of DiGi expressed that they have a low income piece of the pie which is just 16%. Moreover, DiGi is continually actualizing new items or administrations. The administrator says organization would meet some weight on edges because of the more significant level of handset endowment offered for iPhone deals. Openings On 22th September 2009, DiGi authoritatively propelled the 14.4 Mbps organize Turbo 3G in Malaysia. DiGi is the primary 3G broadband supplier in Malaysia that puts resources into the most recent High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) innovation in Malaysia. DiGi has attempted to draw in corporate clients through a provocative methodology, by allowing champ to be one day pilot. The crusade increases positive inputs and hope to draw in corporate clients. Moreover, Celcom, DiGi and their separate significant investors Axiata Group and Telenor Asia marked the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for cutting edge arrange coordinated effort. This sharing model is equipped to create critical operational and cost effectiveness for the two administrators. (Source: Penang and Sabah first to appreciate DiGis Turbo 3GTM for portable phone)Æ'Â Appendix 9 (Source: DiGi business adopts hot strategy to pull in corporate customers)Æ'Â Appendix 10 (Source: Celcom and DiGi sign MoU for cutting edge organize collaboration)æ'â Appendix 11 Dangers Maxis has make a declaration that they will spend RM 1.4 billion to improve their 2G and 3G organize inclusion from 60% to 80% across the country by year-end. This exacerbate things for DiGi, as expanding inclusion can change from DiGi in looking for of better system inclusion. DiGi consistently face the dangers of contenders impersonation. Extremely not long after another administrations or items dispatch, its rivals will dispatch the comparative bundle. On 24th September 2010, Maxis dispatch iPhone 4 at the same time with DiGi. Maxis has come out with a Maxis Do Not Disturb Campaign to explain Spam sms. This battles reason for existing is to ensure customers security. (Source: Maxis administration to improve with spending of RM1.4 bil)Æ'Â Appendix 12 2.3 Product Line Digi Telecommunications is a portable interchanges administrations supplier which offers types of assistance, for example, voice/information Prepaid and Postpaid administrations, DiGi Internet, and DiGi Business. Other than that, it additionally gives a couple of exceptional proposals to DiGizens, for example, Mobile Lifestyle, International Services, and Personal Insurance Coverage. (If you don't mind allude to reference section 13) Item Life Cycle Item Life Cycle comprise of five phases, which are advancement, presentation, development, development, and decrease. The present circumstance of DiGi Telecommunications Sdn Bhd is on the development stage as the business income of DiGi has start to stoppage and the net benefit, even the piece of the pie has additionally diminished. Other than that, rather than bringing another item into the market, DiGi is currently concentrating more on altering and changing the qualities of existing items, for example, presenting new bundles for paid ahead of time and postpaid by offering various rates and highlights contrasted with the past items. 3.0 Objectives Point: DiGi brand to gain 1/3 (33%) of Telecommunication piece of the overall industry throughout the following 3 years in Malaysia. (From 2010) The main role of setting goals is to state what is to be practiced so as to coordinate an associations endeavors and permit the association to assess adequacy. To demonstrate that IMC destinations were powerful, we ought to follow SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Reasonable and Timeline. Three IMC plan principle destinations: 1. To reinforce the upper hand leaning toward DiGi as the most creative Telecommunication in Malaysia. (From beginning of January 2011, until end of December 2011) 2. To build the piece of the overall industry to 28% beginning from January 2011, completing toward the finish of December 2011. 3. To assemble positive brand value among every versatile client towards DiGi Telecommunications inside one year. First Objective The upper hand of DiGi is the advancement it offers on its administrations. Probably the most recent advancement that DiGi gives is the DiGis Turbo 3G broadband help. DiGi is the primary media transmission specialist co-op in Malaysia that gives 14.4Mbps High Speed Packet Assess (HSPA) innovation. The motivation behind this goal is to pull in versatile clients from contenders to become DiGi clients. Second Objective Our subsequent target is to expand piece of the overall industry to 28% from existing piece of the overall industry of 25%. This implies we need to increment 3% inside year 2011 and it speaks to 903,000 new supporters. The purpose behind setting increment of 3% piece of the pie is to accomplish our companys point, which is to secure 33% market over next 3 years. To accomplish 33% piece of the overall industry from 25% market wi

How to Write a Research Proposal Paper

How to Write a Research Proposal Paper The requirements and formatting guidelines for writing a proposal for a research paper can vary greatly based on teachers’ specific demands and other factors, but there are some rules that you always need to follow. In general, a winning research proposal takes some time to write and it will identify the following: Why your proposed research matters; What it will address. There are certain sections that you need to put in any standard research proposal paper. Take a specific writing timeline into account to submit a final draft within pre-set deadlines. This detailed guide will help you learn how to write a proposal for a research paper. Intro A research paper should convince readers that you have a strong project and that you have enough competence and skills to complete it. Ensure that it contains all the main elements involved in a basic research process and sufficient information to let readers evaluate your proposed study. What is a research proposal paper? The goal of paper Before writing a proposal research paper you should understand its definition. This academic assignment must propose a specific idea and give strong evidence to convince the audience why it’s good or bad. You can complete it for any scientific fields and studies. Your research paper proposal should serve these basic purposes: Giving an overview of the timing, content, and procedure of your research project; Explaining the objective and relevance of your research; Showing if it’s really manageable in timing and scope. What is described in the research proposal paper? When writing a research paper proposal, ensure that it contains an extensive literature review and provides strong persuasive evidence. Don’t forget to provide your rationale and describe the detailed methodology for conducting your research to meet the requirements of your academic field. Include a statement of anticipated benefits or outcomes of your study to understand how to write a research paper proposal successfully. Key elements of good research proposal paper Your winning research proposal should contain a few key elements to help you earn high grades: Title page; Abstract to sum up your entire project; Its detailed description; Time schedule; Overview of your research paper structure; References. Structure of research proposal paper The structure of your proposal for a research paper should contain these basic sections: Introduction; Literature review; Aims and objectives; Research methods and design; Ethical considerations; Budget; Appendices; Citations; Conclusion. Introduction The main purpose served by an introductory paragraph is to give enough context and background information for a given research issue. How to write proposal for a research paper? If your chosen research issue is framed in the context of a rambling and general literature review, it may seem uninteresting and trivial to readers. If you place it in the context of a current and focused research area, its importance will be evidence. Literature review This section of your research proposal should serve the following important purposes: Guaranteeing that you’re original; Giving credit to all the sources that you use; Demonstrating your knowledge of the chosen topic; Showing the ability to evaluate relevant data critically; Demonstrating a good understanding of relevant research and theoretical matters; Indicating the ability to synthesize and integrate existing literature; Convincing readers that your proposed study will make a substantial and significant contribution; Providing new insights and developing a new model. Aims and objectives Any research proposal should give a broad indication of what you want to achieve. The aim of your study is to test a hypothesis, while objectives are related to the tools or parameters used to achieve it. They are categorizes as secondary and primary. Research design and method This section is crucial because it tells the audience how you want to solve your research problem. It also gives your working plan while describing the actions necessary to complete your research project. Ensure that it contains enough information. Demonstrate your knowledge of alternative methods to prove that your approach is the best one. Ethical considerations Research studies may have specific ethical and moral issues that should be considered to learn how to write a good proposal for a research paper. They refer to protecting the rights of all participants, so you need to provide them with adequate data on your research and get their informed consent. Budget Your research proposal should include detailed information about your budget to indicate the funds necessary to complete a future project. Appendices They are special documents that support your research proposal and they usually include: Informed consent forms; Questionnaires; Supporting documents; Measurement tools. Citations You should include and format citations in your research proposal correctly when using any source in it. Write a bibliography or reference page to indicate where you take them from. Conclusion This section should reiterate the importance of your research proposal while offering a short summary. Focus on why your research issue is worth investigating, why your project is unique, and who it can advance existing information. Steps of writing research proposal paper To write a good research proposal, you need to analyze a given topic and offer an effective theory. This piece of writing should introduce what your project proposes to prove or do while providing readers with a detailed account of theories and methods that you will use to support your hypothesis. How to write a research proposal paper step-by-step There are different steps involved in writing your research proposal, including: Picking a unique topic; Creating a detailed outline; Developing your proposal. Choosing a topic for research proposal paper When picking a suitable topic, you need to make a major commitment. If you make a wrong choice, you may find it hard to write a research proposal. Ensure that your topic fulfill all assignment requirements and fits its purpose. Look for something that genuinely interests you. Once you determine potential ideas, evaluate them to choose the best one. Decide if you can find enough information about it and write a strong paper to support your original thesis. Don’t choose too narrow and too broad topics for this academic assignment. Writing research proposal paper outline Once you end up with a focused and narrow topic for your research proposal, you need to find relevant materials about it. Develop a specific research question, state a working thesis, and do other things that can help you create a helpful outline. It must contain all the necessary sections. Developing your proposal A research proposal is a short document that sums up your preliminary work. Your basic purpose is to formalize your research plan and present it to teachers for their feedbacks. It’s necessary to present a research question, relevant sub-questions, and your thesis to develop a winning proposal. Discuss the value of your topic and indicate how you will gather relevant data. Mistakes and how to avoid them There are certain mistakes that should be avoided when writing a research proposal. Your knowledge will help you. Failure to delimit boundary research conditions; Not giving a proper context to frame a research question; Not citing used studies; Failing to present both empirical and theoretical contributions of other researchers; Not staying focused on your topic; Not developing a strong argument for your research; Giving too many details on minor matters; Too many citations and too much rambling; Writing a too short or too long paper; Failing to format it correctly. Tips for writing Use these simple and effective tips to write a strong and impressive research paper proposal: Follow the necessary instructions to meet your teachers’ requirements; Break down your paper into a point form before writing its first draft to decide if you need subheadings and other elements; Know the targeted audience and describe your research paper proposal in basic terms while using your plain and clear language and avoiding any jargon; Ensure that it’s free from grammar and other mistakes; Make an important impact in the first sentences to grab readers’ attention at once and excite them about your future research project; Show that your research is valuable and innovative; Organize your proposal in a well-integrated manner to make a strong point and focus on a major research question; Have a clear hypothesis or your research objective and include effective ways to solve a problem; Write a clear and catchy title to reflect your study goals and attract people’s interest; Emphasize multidisciplinary aspects when needed; Prove that your future research is feasible. Examples Examples can be very useful when you’re confused and don’t know how to proceed. Look for relevant samples of proposal writing for a research paper to be guided in the right direction. Conclusion Writing a research paper proposal is a challenging task for many students because of constantly evolving trends and necessity to incorporate methodology advances. It serves as a detailed plan for your intended study. Use the above-mentioned guidelines to simplify this academic assignment. If you face any hardships, turn to our qualified professionals offering online customer paper writing services at competitive rates. They can help you with any academic matter fast.

Battling Alzheimers Disease Then and Now - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1284 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? Alzheimers disease (AD) is a chronic illness of extreme neural atrophy characterized by extensive memory loss, disorientation, and labored social communication/behavior. Often beginning after 65 years of age, AD constitutes between 60â€Å"70% of all dementia cases (Duthey 6) and, by extension, afflicts between 35â€Å"50 million globally at any given time (Park). The tracking of AD is largely an arduous task, even with sophisticated neuroimaging such as tensor-based morphometry and cortical thickness mapping; however, due to its devastating toll, a treatment for it is still of great importance to medical professionals and sufferers alike. Fortunately, our 21st-century knowledge of AD and of its impact on ones brain seems to furnish neuroscientists worldwide with more-than-adequate insight on how to develop novel treatments of unprecedented effectiveness for the disease. To the German physician Alois Alzheimer (who first stumbled upon AD back in 1906 by probing the case of Auguste Deter, then a 51-year-old woman admitted to the Frankfurt Hospital where he practised), todays advances would indeed come across as astonishing considering all the progress made in the field over just 111 years. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Battling Alzheimers Disease: Then and Now" essay for you Create order On the one hand, a hypothetical method involving precise control of the innate immune response in humans by virtue of IL-33 signaling is proposed in hopes of rescuing memory deficits (Fu, 2016). On the other hand, another method of therapy is proposed contradictory to the notion that AD halts the assimilation of new memories (Roy, 2016) by using optogenetic techniques. Lastly, the research of Roy is backed by evidence apropos of the therapeutic use of deep brain stimulation for treatment of neuromotor impairment (Scharre, 2016). While this paper does chiefly shed light upon the technicalities of these pioneers work and that of a few others, it remains worthwhile to note (as I will through the means of the paper) also the moral and socioeconomic implications of the research described herein. In a groundbreaking investigation published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), the hidden role of interleukin-33 in fixing cognitive decline associated with Alzheimers comes to light with the discovery that its injection in APP/PS1 transgenic mice undoes deficiencies in contextual memory and synaptic plasticity unique to ADs pathology (Fu, 2016). Upon further research, it was revealed that IL-33 not only reduces the accumulation of soluble peptides (by promoting the phagocytic activity of microglia) but also discourages the adverse inflammation thats so closely linked with the disease in discussion. On the other hand, another such investigation published in the Nature International Journal of Science proves the amnesia characteristic of early AD to be an outcome of compromised memory retrieval rather than compromised memory storage. An AD model involving transgenic mice of various ages was extensively studied via the light-specific stimulation of hippocampal engram cells so to rescue lost episodic memories by way of optogenetic technologies (Roy, 2016). These results (defended by several studies with regard to the significance of dendritic spines in memory processing) collectively support the claim that LTP-inducing optogenetics may serve as an effective component of future AD therapy. To boot, AD deficits (e.g. in solving everyday problems or making choices on a daily basis) may also be ameliorated through deep-brain stimulation (DBS) targeted at the ventral capsule/ventral striatum area (Scharre, 2016). While all three instances of research offer hard scientific evidence regarding improvement of symptoms unique to AD, Fus research is particularly consistent with other neurological studies that specifically look into how inflammation increases as humans age and how it is inherently linked to many diseases common for the elderly (in this case, over 65), such as atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, and consequently, Alzheimers. While inflammation is naturally a complex biological response for protection against harmful stimuli such as a pathogenic attack, its occasional abnormalities are in fact known to underlie a wide range of systemic conditions. Although it is not included as a major example of research in this paper, the intriguing work of Professor Clive Holmes, along with that of his colleagues at the University of Southampton (UK) and Kings College London, includes the isolation of a cytokine vital to the acute-phase reaction of macrophages, TNF ±. It has been found through this study itself that AD can, in a way, be diagnosed by monitoring levels of this protein in the bloodstream. Additionally, the study refers to possible treatment of the neuroinflammation associated with AD via a compound known as etanercept, a TNF ± inhibitor used to mend autoimmune disorders that is in phase II clinical trials as of 2015 so that its potency against AD may be measured; it is however hypothesized to work by blocking CSF1R, a receptor needed for microglial activation (Fillit). Multiple laboratory experiments have also uncovered the apparent effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as 2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid or acetylsalicylic acid, on the advancement of numerous aspects of AD pathology, most notably the continual presence of dystrophic extensions and amyloid deposition, suggesting an increase in the housekeeping activities of microglia, including phagocytosis of cellular debris (Vlad, 2008). Yet another line of strong affirmation for the inflammation-Alzheimers link comes from large-scale analyses of thousands of participants for the detection of small variations in unusual and typical genotypes for AD. Alzheimers risk has, on the basis of the results of these studies, been tied to several genes involved in innate immunity, a primary group of nonspecific bodily defenses. One gene, TREM2, encodes for a novel monocytic/neutrophilic receptor and is of special interest to scientists. It has been found that homozygous or missense mutati ons within this locus may result in elevated likelihood for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsons disease, as well as early onset forms of autosomal recessive dementia (due to impeded proteolytic maturation of microglia). Much of this research portrays AD as a logical progression of neurodegeneration in which accumulated oligomers (created as enzymes called secretases cleave precursor proteins) stimulate microglia to release an intricate series of extracellular signaling molecules, resulting in chronic inflammation. A significant portion of neuronal apoptosis as it occurs in AD may also be due to degranulation of microglia and rising amounts of reactive oxygen species, processes which can culminate in neurotoxicity. The previously mentioned interleukins mentioned in Fus research contribute heavily to deposition by acting as original mediators for phosphorylation (e.g. tyrosine kinase) cascades in microglia, gradually setting the stage for a hyperactive immune responseand thus cognitive dysfunction. As of the present day, Alzheimers disease (AD) remains an indisputably debilitating and degrading illness that never fails to rob those in its grip not only of their societal and financial grounding, but also their individuality. As the Irish poet and playwright Oscar Wilde once rightly said, Memoryis the diary we all carry about with us. If not fixed, AD could cost Americans alone an estimated $1.1 trillion by 2050 in the totality of all its complications (Johns 2). In the fullness of time, AD lastly calls into question ethical predicaments that form the first barriers to a universal cure. After all, in our efforts to protract morbidity, we must not forget to treat humanely and with the best expression of care, love, and attention (Post 1932). In order to gain a complete understanding of the pathophysiology of Alzheimers disease (AD) for avenues of treatment, it is necessary to conduct a study that examines the biochemical perspective of neural proteopathy, a term that denotes protein misfolding in cells of the human nervous system. For this purpose, it is important to examine the state of activation of microglia in different stages of AD for appropriate determination of the exact effect(s) of potential anti-inflammatory therapies. Therefore, evidence supporting the beneficial or detrimental performance of microglia in AD must be collected, primarily to aid in finding biomarkers for diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. With sufficient knowledge and practice, a panacea for the far-reaching dilemma of AD can surely be found.

Essay on “Operations and Logistics Management”

Essay on â€Å"Operations and Logistics Management† Introduction Logistics management as the governance supply sequence functions as gone under some transformations in the recent past. The activities involved in the logistics management like; outbound and inbound fleet management, inventory management, materials handling, warehousing, transportation management, order fulfillment, supply/demand planning, logistics network design, and management of other logistics service and product providers, has also grown and led to adoption of new ICT systems. These logistics functions do include; packaging and assembly, sourcing and procurement, customer service, scheduling and production planning. The functions have seen the use of ICT systems like GIS, GPS, Warehouse Management Systems, Transport Management Systems, among others. The systems have helped in execution and planning all parts of the logistics management from the tactical, operational to strategic parts. In addition, the systems have helped in integrating the functions which coordinates all the logistics activities. The other functions of finance, sales manufacturing, marketing, and information technology, have also improved. This has helped the way companies manage the supply chain. The paper will try to evaluate the key components of logistics management. In addition, the major ICT systems in the logistics plus their benefits and challenges in adopting an applying the technology will be analyzed. Operations Management and Logistics In any organization, operations are the base of functions. This is whether the company is a nonprofit or service industry or manufacturing. The operations management and logistics involves various disciplines like; human resource management, quality management, product development, logistics, and information technology. The operations of the company encompass the performance management of the building or design engineers in delivery performance, prediction of production, and quality-feedback loops. Moreover, the plan of the information architectures and supply chain management are also included in the operations management. There are both the practical and theoretical techniques and tools of management operations. These entail the analysis of operational performance of companies and explaining them in according to quality, time, and cost. In addition, the performance improvement is considered by redesigning new business processes (Tomaz, 2011, p. 1136). The main aim of operations and logistics management are to create suitable services and goods. This should be, in accurate quantity and quality and, to distribute them at the correct time and place. This leads to a considerable contribution in the operations of the organization. The operations and logistics management in a business set up includes; management, implementation, and design of systems, for the efficient use raw materials, personnel, finished goods, physical facilities, information, process inventories, products or services. This encompasses the entire supply chain that runs from acquirement of raw materials, production stage, to consumption point. The management of logistics and operations needs the knowledge of computers, quantitative models, and effective communication. The objectives and goals of logistics and operations management are to move gods, products, and services from the manufacturer, to the consumer through the supply chain. This should move at the right ti me and place (Abrahamsson, 2004, p. 96). This is the reason why the logistics managers have a significant role to play in liaising with the retailers, manufacturers, customers, and suppliers. The manager of a logistics company has various roles. These duties can include; warehousing, stock control, transportation, and monitoring, the flow of materials and goods. In addition, the day to day running of activities and making sure that cost, quality, and the supply chain is efficient and meets the right standards are the duties of a logistics manager. The job needs skills like; providing leadership, monitoring stock, keeping records, relating with suppliers and customers, managing receipts, and dispatch and storage of goods. In addition, strong organizational and leadership skills are required for the job. This is because quick decisions are expected in the supply chain. ICT and Supply Chain Management There is a relationship between ICT and supply chain management. This relationship has led to various studies and academic research. However, the discussion of the relationship has been fragmented and limited. There are components of ICT that are related to the supply chain management. In addition, there are also some interrelation between the supply chain management and ICT. This is in the leading applications and components of the ICT systems. The e-SCM is a new technology in management in relation to ICT (Ilia, Elmazi Bazini, 2011, p. 35). The supply chain management has seen the rise of the electronic supply chain management that has different components. This has given rise to opportunities for firms. The components have enhanced and improved the operations of firms that have employed the use of e-SCM. Managing of the supply chain has changed tremendously over the years. The supply chain involved the use of manual tracking systems, face to face management, wired communication links, paper dominated order processing systems. These were the management tools and ways in which the logistics managers operated initially. These tools and techniques have become obsolete over the past years. The tools and systems have given way to more developed systems and methods. Many nations have adopted the use of the modern systems in their supply chain management methods. The firms in these countries have successfully experimented with the knowledge management and supply chain networks (Rudberg Olhager, 2003). The experience has led to the adoption of the new systems that incorporate the use of ICT. The new methods have been used in the supply chains, in governments and business sector. This has made supply chain management gain much significance in the marketing field. This has made SCM become a vital marketing process that has an affirmative sway on the shareholder value. The supply chain networks, however, are becoming more complex. This is because of the global imbalance in the labor market. These costs force the firms to source from other countries that have cheaper labor. This is to help the firms to control their production costs so as to remain competitive in the market. The other reason as to why the SCN are becoming more complex is because of customers and consumers of products and services of various firms. They are increasingly becoming more sophisticated. The customers are demanding more customized products, in the markets. They want services, products, and goods that can better meet their various needs. The product variations in the market make the demand forecasting even trickier. The firms are made to predict on both the option mix and volumes. This is instead of the solitary demand model that they were accustomed in the production of products for customers. Moreover, the increased various product types have resulted, into a larger numbe r of manufacturers and suppliers, to administer higher harmonization costs. This has made the firms that are in the same supply chain, to coordinate with each other, so as, to optimize their processes. The complex network of warehouses, suppliers, factories, and distribution and retail centers, make the success of the SCMs to be difficult. This calls for better management of the system components in order to succeed in the complex networks. The success has called for the coming of information in the chain. This has made information become the main player in recent years in shaping the efficiency of a multifaceted enterprise (Shavazi, Abzari Mohammadzadeh, 2009, p. 2072). The aptitude of a business to route information and make quick, but, the correct decisions are the key to a promised growth. Therefore, it has become essential to estimate and forecast the supply and demand of the unprocessed materials. This is from the point of sale locations and reorganizing the structure of business where it is needed. An organization needs to integrate both the material flow and information so as to realize the objectives and goals of a system. The integration can make the system be, in a posi tion, to provide access to information, execute, and help in decision making processes. The significance of ICT in operations and logistics management has seen the increase of capital spending in information and communication technology in many countries. This is because the impact of ICT has been felt in the different sectors of the economy. The effect has been seen from the conceptual models that have been undertaken. The empirical ground models are the ones that have been presented so far. These studies have indicated that ICT has a significant and positive impact on the economic growth and labor productivity. ICT is expected to maintain to have a fundamental part in the management of the supply chains in the future. The use of ICT is more significant in fast moving industries, more so, in managing the modern supply networks. Furthermore, the relationship of the ICT and SCM makes it difficult to determine the one that contributes and has more benefits than the other. This can be shown by the example of implementing the VMI6-model with the EDI7-information transmiss ion that can lead to a considerable reduction of inventories. In addition, the implementation of the scheme leads to an augment in the material accessibility. The question is to determine if the benefits can be achieved without the use of EDI. For example, the exchange of the information by use of fax has effects. The other option is if it is possible to exchange of the information using another method. He considerations of the benefits and impacts of ICT should be done with most favorable situations and recording the results. Transport and Logistics Services The high quality availability of transport and logistics services (TLS) has improved management of supply chain. This has become a significant aspect in the competitiveness and growth of the economy. There are impacts and barriers that are involved in the information and communication (ICT), in logistics and transport services. This affects the users of the ICT logistics. In addition, there are several types of ICT use, application areas, future and barriers of application of the ICT use. The ICT systems have been useful in improving the systems of transportation in the supply chain. This calls for further investing for firms that use the logistics and transport in their services. The focus and evaluation should entail new technologies, which will streamline the processes further. The systems should allow for the sharing of information with partners in the same supply chain. In addition, the systems should add more and deliver value to employees, customers, and shareholders. The flow of services and goods between the manufacturers and customers should be improved by the use of new ICT systems. The integration of transport, information, warehousing, packaging, material handling, inventory, and security is enhanced by use of ICT systems. The systems add value to the logistics channel part of the supply chain. They help in utilizing the time and space used in the supply chain. Furthermore, the systems help in solving some of the complexities involved in the production logistics. They model, visualize, analyze, and optimize the supply chain by use of simulation software’s (Kiisler, 2008, p. 372). The logistics and transport services are a significant component of a flourishing economy. They enable the movement of services, people, and goods efficiently. These components should arrive at the right destinations at the right time and retained in the right quality and quantity. This should happen as they respect the levels of service that are involved in the process. ICT systems are significant in managing TLS organizations. This is because the firms need to manage their information efficiently and effectively in order to integrate various activities. The activities involved include; warehousing, distribution, fleet management, outbound and inbound transportation. This should be managed effectively so as to streamline the physical flow of services and products to consumers. ICT systems help in having the precise information, at the exact place, and at the correct instance. This is significant in the paradigm of physical goods and services. The systems give equal application in the administration of information. The TLS companies can employ the use of e-business technology in their businesses. This will help in enhancing their productivity and efficiency. In addition, an integrated approach in developed. This links the transport modes in more innovative methods. In the end, there is an enhancement in the value of services that are offered. The ICT logistics users in different firms across the world acknowledge the significant of the systems in their services. The impact and barriers of the information and communication (ICT) in their operations is significant. The systems developed have increased the efficiency of logistics and transport components in their firms. The transport facilitation involves the harmonization, simplification, and standardization of the international transport methods to realize proficient trading networks. In addition, the transport procedures are automated, and their fundamental operational activities are incorporated in the ICT system (Harland Lamming, 2001, p. 23). The integration of ICT in logistics and transport is a significant exploit in achieving accuracy, reliable, speedy flow, and cost reduction of the information and goods. The companies that are involved in transport and logistics services, therefore; need to invest more in new technologies. These will help the firms to streamline their services and processes, by allowing the sharing of information with the associates in the supply chain. In addition, the systems help in adding more value to the shareholders, employees, and customers services. The impacts of ICT are significant in the benefits and cost areas. Conclusion The conventional ways of managing the supply chain have transformed over the years. The systems that have been in place like; face to face management, paper dominated order processing systems, manual tracking systems, and wired communications are changing. These are the tools that the supply chain managers have been using. This has changed to new systems like extranet and intranet, e-business, e-procurement, electronic internet marketing, and the use of internet in the administration the supply chains. The digitization and information technology has impacts on supply chain and their management. The various aspects and components of ICT have effect on the varied parts of the SCM. The managers are provided with ideas on how ICT can be used and employed in the improvement of the management supply chain systems. In addition, the internet growth has provided the supply chains with various significant opportunities in service improvements and cost reduction. Furthermore, the internet gives access to knowledge and information in an inexpensive and faster way. However, the internet alone is not enough in ensuring efficiency and responsiveness. In achieving success, the supply chain should be designed to achieve an efficient flow of products. The electronic supply chain management has the opportunity for future and, hence firms should take advantage of the opportunities presented. The observations that have been made in theory and practical studies give varied operations and strategies in different tracks, in different directions (Storey, 2006, p. 276). Organizations that have with active business environments with additional marketing channels, heavier market segments, high pressure on profit margins, increased globalization on supplier and customer side, results to competitive weakness. The improvement of the industrial distribution, dynamic challenges, and management of the interaction between market operations and strategies should be employed in the dynamic busine ss environment. The theories in the market logistics, strategies, flexibility, and

The Effects of Misconduct on the Armed Forces Free Essays

string(80) " to instill discipline and order in the ranks are the noncommissioned officers\." The armed forces of the United States is one of the most feared and respected military organizations in the world. This image is helped by documentaries, news reports and even by the movies. But the real reason why the US military is considered very powerful and a dangerous enemy can be understood after reading the following explanation: The United States military is unique in the amount of power it can project globally. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Misconduct on the Armed Forces or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although France and the United Kingdom, as well as Germany, Spain, Italy, PRC, and European Union, are capable of projecting power overseas, the United States military is the only one with the higher military capacity to fight a major regional war at a distance from its homeland. The U.S. is also one of the few nations in the world that has a sizable nuclear arsenal and maintains active doctrines for plausible nuclear attack operations. (see Wikipedia: US Military). This is why America is feared and respected. Although there is reason to believe that Americans would prefer that their country and its citizens are respected rather than feared; there is also a lot of apprehension over the notion that U.S. superpower is a bully in the global theater. This negative image which others believe to be the dark side of this great institution is   putting a lot of pressure on the military organization to behave appropriately and to borrow from their lingo: there should be no conduct unbecoming a military officer. For when this happens the chain reaction can be unbelievable. One indiscretion and the whole structure will be placed in a bad light. Consider for example relatively recent events about U.S. soldiers abusing POW’s and some of its members involved in an alleged rape case overseas are a few instances when the rest of the world shakes its head and would love to believe that all this power had corrupted the men and women in uniform. In order to prevent such misconduct and to keep its integrity intact the U.S. military is keeping in place a system of rules, regulations, traditions, and protocols that would ensure that the rest of the world will hold the said institution in high esteem. Military Discipline The word discipline when put inside the world of soldiers takes on a different meaning. This has nothing to do with the kind of discipline kids get at home when they fail to do their homework or when they do not clean their room. Discipline in the ordinary day to day life of normal people can sometimes mean a temporary abstinence on doing something or a temporary increase in work volume to accomplish a task or simply to grit ones teeth and do something that is normally not done if the circumstances are more favorable. In the military soldiers do not wait until things are worse before they will begin to be disciplined. In other worlds soldiers do not wait until they are overweight before they start doing morning jogs and calisthenics. They trained before the need arises, they practice long and hard before the fight and they prepare before the crisis. Discipline in the Army, Navy and the Air Forces is a lifestyle. It can be said that it is more than a lifestyle in fact it is the blood that keeps the institution alive and the invisible force that holds it together. Without discipline the armed forces can easily disintegrate in quickly destroying everything in its path including itself. The infamous tortures at the Abu Ghraib prison – where prisoners of war were being held – was well documented and shown around the world. It was an example of a breakdown in discipline. And noncommissioned officers figured prominently in this fiasco. CNN reporters J. Johns, D. Ensor and M. Mount quoted Rep. Jane Harman in a letter to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Harman said, â€Å"The fog of war is thick, but these acts of abuse and humiliation contradict international norms, military regulations and the very values that our military fights to defend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (see CNN.com) The report adds that all the perpetrators were, â€Å"†¦all officers or noncommissioned officers† (Johns, Ensor Mount). In an ideal setting this should not have happened especially in the presence of NCOs. The Role of Noncommissioned Officers NCOs are leaders, period. The military cannot function without leadership as much as a body cannot survive without a head. Everything depends upon leadership and in this regard NCOs play a major role. An Army Officer’s guidebook expounds on the meaning of the term and it says: A leader is people fitted by force of ideas, character, or genius, or by strength of will or administrative ability, to arouse, incite, and direct men in conduct and achievement. Leadership is the art of imposing one’s will upon others in such a manner as to command their respect, their confidence, and their whole-hearted cooperation. (Bonn, 320) In the NCO guidebook leadership is seen as basic in the structure of the U.S. armed forces and it says, â€Å"Leadership, despite the great strides in technology, remains the same – influencing and motivating people to get the job done† (Rush, 34).  With regards to the NCOs taking up a part of the burden of leadership, Rudyard Kipling was quoted as saying, â€Å"The backbone of the army is the noncommissioned man!† (as qtd. in Fisher, 3). An article in Wikipedia’s website expounds on the words of Kipling: The noncommissioned officer corps is the junior management of the military. An experienced NCO corps is a key component of Western armies: in many cases NCOs are credited as being the metaphorical backbone of their service. By contrast, the weak NCO corps of the modern-day Russian armed forces, and those modeled after it, is widely blamed for the general ineffectiveness of those militaries. (see Wikipedia: Noncommissioned Officers) NCOs and the Concept of Discipline The U.S. military structure amounts to a pile of junk without discipline and the people that are tasked to instill discipline and order in the ranks are the noncommissioned officers. You read "The Effects of Misconduct on the Armed Forces" in category "Essay examples" NCOs do the dirty work and this is very much evident in shaping a bunch of boys who know nothing about authority and following orders prior to enlistment into hardened men who will obey first before they complain.  Discipline is very important in the military because it is an organization tasked to do jobs that are out of the ordinary and in many instances, in life and death situations. These kinds of jobs will determine the safety of a country, the lives of their fellow soldiers or the civilians under their sphere of influence. NCOs instills this concept of a more serious kind of discipline by being an example for his men. In Semper Fi, a book about the highly respected U.S. Marine corps, a description of the NCO’s methodology – in terms of how he earns the respect of his men and how he hammers discipline into their system – was provided by the authors: The authority of the Marine NCO does not rest on fear; its foundation is the well-earned respect of equally tough men. He leads, and inspires, by being the man he wants his troops to become. The NCO personifies his expectations of the men he commands. He wants his Marines to look â€Å"squared away† and so he dresses and marches smartly himself. Since he wants to instill instant obedience, his men will see him obey instantly when an officer commands. He wants his men to be aggressive in combat, so he himself is the epitome of aggressiveness. The Marine Corps NCO, through his own behavior, creates a desire to be like him. (Carrison and Walsh, 69) The apt description of what an NCO is all about as presented by Carrison and Walsh answers the question on what happens when NCOs misbehave. Using the ideas discussed earlier it would be easy to list the reason why NCOs should always be the quintessential soldier. First of all it is due to his position as part of the leadership of the armed forces. An NCOs actions does not go unobserved and will always be an influence and guide to the new recruit and those under his command. If the NCO is unruly, does not follow orders and breaks the code of conduct then it is not surprising for the rest of the soldiers to do the same. An NCO could not afford to appear irresponsible and uncontrollable or speaks in a manner that show disrespect to his superiors and fellow officers simply because he is not in a normal setting. In an office or in a school perhaps undisciplined behavior and a rebellious attitude towards authority will not really cause too much damage in relative proportion to a similar behavior in the army. When NCO acts like a spoiled brat men dies and blood flows unnecessarily. Worse, the unit can be in grave physical danger and the morale of the troops would significantly decrease leading in more losses and more damage. The chain reaction from an NCO’s lack of prudence can not simply be taken lightly as the repercussions will be felt for many generations. And this is not an exaggeration. The following is an account of what happened more than 200 years ago – in America’s war of independence – that helped changed the course of history. It is a testament to the fact that undisciplined men would cause a series of events that will lead to catastrophe: Following the British victory at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776, Queens County came under military’s control [†¦] From the outset, military officials realized that the war had both military and political dimensions. [†¦] Military misconduct against civilians would only create enmity, hinder the effective prosecution of the war and make post war reconciliation more difficult [†¦] By wars end the people of Queens had become, not loyal subjects, but Patriots – as much by British default as by personal choice. (Fingerhut and Tiedermann, 50) Conclusion The effect of military misconduct especially when an NCO exhibits such undesirable behavior will first result in a breakdown of discipline but it will not end there. The men under the NCOs command will use said breakdown as an excuse for caving in under pressure. Thus when the going gets tough the men who witnessed insubordination and disrespect to senior officers will use that as an excuses for not following orders and then a chain reaction follows. When things begin to turn really uncontrollable, when the spirit of discipline that holds the army together is gone, the same soldiers who are selfless, hard workers, united and having one mind and heart will suddenly transform into a selfish monster who will do everything that seems to be right base on selfish interests. The result of which is written in the annals of military history. These events are labeled as infamous but it has cost more than shame it has resulted in the deaths and humiliation of the innocents. But from a military’s point of view it all boils down to failure in accomplishing a mission and for some cases it means losing the war. Works Cited Bonn, Keith E. Army Officer’s Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002. Carrison, Dan and Rod Walsh. Semper Fi: Business Leadership the Marine Corps Way. New York: American Management Association, 1999. Fingerhut, Eugene R., and Tiedermann, J.S. The Other New York: The American Revolution Beyond New York City. New York: State University of New York Press, 2005. Fisher, E. F. Jr. Guardians of the Republic: A History of the Noncommissioned officer corps of  the U.S. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. â€Å"Military of the United States.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 27 May 2006. Wikimedia  Ã‚  Ã‚   Foundation, Inc. 28 May 2006 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_of_the_United_Statesoldid=55490638. â€Å"Non-commissioned officer.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 24 May 2006. Wikimedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Foundation, Inc. 28 May 2006 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noncommissioned_officeroldid=54910164. Rush, Robert S. NCO Guide. 7th ed. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. 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Architecture of Integrated Information Systems †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Architecture of Integrated Information Systems and Modelling. Answer: Introduction In B Bakery, the performance is based on the growth with the orders set for the new healthy product ranges where Bakery has lost some of the key accounts when they are producing some of the products at the best competitive rates. B Bakery is the company which can work on the selling of the products to the supermarkets and the different pub chains. The customer base is mixed with the prominent business that comes from being their customer. They also tend to produce the bakery products with the supplies done to the other business and the shops. The focus has been on the bakery business needs where there is a need to handle the production units, supply chain management, sales and the marketing. The company works for handling the accounts, finance, and the HR management process. With this, the supply chain management needs to take care of the buying of the raw material from the different other business like the poultry farm and the fruit shops, with the flour suppliers. The production is based on the bakery products with the management of the inventory and the logistics management. This will help in storing the products and the delivery of the orders to the different shops, and the eatable areas. (Romnney et al., 2012). The accounts are managed through the accounting activities, where the payment is made to the suppliers, and the payment is generally from the customers. The payroll management is to take hold of the staff and to work on handling the hiring, payroll systems effectively for the staff. The final sales are through the taking of order and then selling the products by properly exploring for the different markets. The marketing is based on the promotion of the business where the frame is depending upon handling the processes which are mainly affected by the sales, and the accounts as well. To check on the problems, the supply needs to handle the production which could be affected due to the different reasons, which will lead to the problems in the sales and the accounts. (Ismail et al., 2014). Hence, when the business loses some accounts, then the business must manage with the lesser sales along with which HR management also suffers. The bakery needs to focus on taking care of the business processes like the equipment for the bakery and the chefs so that they can provide with the better quality of the food to the people. The goal of the business is to process and provide the best to the customer so that he comes back with the more customers. The individual activities can be divided into the org anizations and mainly among the people. Hence, it is important for the business to work on the value-added chain systems which include the process with the supply of goods and services that would lead to the span of the several business systems. The economic benefits are generated when there is a change in the business administrative systems that does not differ from the use of the systems and the business systems. The analysis and the modeling are necessary to define the limits as well as to consider where the bakery can provide the connection of the interfaces with easy management. (Anandarajan et al., 2012). The processes of the bakery of the business are based on the core business patterns, where the supply chain management and the production will help in the easy management of the HRM and the accounts. Here, the accounts are important for the business as it will help in fuel to the whole business process. The B bakery is important for the growth in the last few years as this will help in handling the accounting difficulties in an effective manner. The dedication of the team is mainly to the accounting experts who work on the bookkeeping processes for the business. (Domeika, 2015). The setup of the company depends upon decision-making activities where the company has to focus on their competitive prices as well. It has been seen that the company has lost some of the valuable customers as well. Hence, it is important for the business to focus on the needs with the information for easy and fast running and functioning of the system. The information is likely to affect the business process es with the decisions of the strategic forms that will bring a change in the business to a higher level of success. (Bajdor et al., 2014). There is accounting information for the business that includes the availability of the software for a purpose where B Bakery tends to acquire: The enhancement of the accounts and its sales. The integration setup with the business processes which is mainly for handling the accounting systems with the efficient decision-making processes. The investments primarily in the accounting software that will lead to the customization of the business process. The implementation of the ERP and AIS that is set for the business where ERP will lead to the integration of the business with the better platform for AIS. (Talk, 2016). The business of the bakery needs to focus on the core business processes which will include the performance of the market. The first focus is to be on the business processes and the information. The transactional and the operational information is important for the processing and the decision making in an effective manner. The accounting is the process that will help in easy connection to the different process of business. Hence, for the proper information standards, there is a need for the accounts with the information from the different processes. (Kuperman et al., 2013). The standards are set for the suppliers and the stock in the inventory, amount of the sales and the possible margins to handle the cost of the raw materials as well, costing with the labor charge. These are important for the setting of the competitive pricing for a particular product where the information comes from the different business processes. The standards are set to maintain the integration and the needs o f the business processes and the systems. This includes the forms of the integration which will be able to integrate with the better compatibility and the faster process of business. Hence, there are forms which include the help in earning more revenue. AIS tends to implement the ERP structure or the integration of the ERP implementation. This will also help in providing the structure to the business along with collecting and managing the process, storing and retrieving the financial information from the business analysts, managers, and the other accountants or the tax consultants. (Grabara et al., 2014). The ERP will tend to integrate the functions and the processes of the business. For this, the integration is set where the valuable source of information comes from the business patterns, where AIS tends to focus mainly on the business forecasting information with the proper analysis of the historical information. The system requirements are based on the ERP and the AIS implementation which are important for handling the system objectives of the company. This is mainly based on the ERP software that will lead to the integration of the different business processes along with sharing the data with the centralized database. Here, the focus is on the AIS process that will lead to the access of information from the different processes of business. (Wiegers et al., 2013). The processing is better and accurate depending upon the forms and the fundamental functions which include: The AIS is important for the effectiveness, and the efficient data processing as the data acquired is set for the operations and the different transactions of the company. There are forms where the functions need to work on the transaction sources that will help in easy documentation process as well. The transactions need to record the journals, where the journal records are for the proper detail of the events which are related to the company. Then, there is a need to transfer the data from the journal to the ledgers. The ledger is set to sort the data which is based on the different accounts. AIS works on the different software patterns which will help in the easy management of the decision making process along with working on the information that comes from the database and the analysis. There are categories for the management, managerial reports and the handling of the financial statements. (Komala, 2012). AIS works on the software standards where there is a need to handle the control with assuring the ability to rely on the information which is being produced by the software. This is also for the ensuring of the efficiency with the business activities that is set by the management objectives. The accounting software is based on the applications which work on the account payables and the payroll systems. This is important for the proper handling of the in-house by the organization. It includes the on-line based access that is set for the different devices and for the suppliers to handle the areas of accounting. The pattern is based on the stock and inventory processes where the company tends to keep the control of the inventory with the purchase order when the order is set with the sales for the different customers. The implementation in the bakery of AIS is active as it will help in handling the total costs which are more than the actual software costs. (Berente et al., 2012). The midmarket and the larger applications are set through the resellers and the developers which lead to the customization and support of the services. There are lower end market systems with the inexpensive application software that allow the general business accounting functions to be performed de pending upon the market standards. The business is set with the lower end systems where there are no major adequate security or the auditing trials. This is based on the wide range of the business software that is capable of working on the different needs as well as the multiple currencies. The framework is mainly to include the industry standards with the robust database functionalities. The higher end specifications are for the applications with, the smaller development team, increased risks of the business failure and the reduced availability of support. (Madapusi et al., 2012). With the change of technology, AIS works on the software vendors who can offer the wider range of advanced software generally at the lower price. For this, there is a major focus on handling the companies and then dealing with the multiple stages of the growth. This will help in realizing and growing the larger market with the various locations in size. With the software vendors, they can provide with the offer that will increase the advanced software at a lower price. Along with this, there is a need to check on the suitable formats for the companies at the different stages of growth. This ensures that the features of the mid-market and the high-end software include the advancement of the customization and the scalable database. The forms are also set with the expansion of the business overseas or then allowing the workers to connect to the home office. (Grabinskia et al., 2014). The options are mainly to work on the Software as a Service application that will lead to the accessibility from the different locations. The selection of the B Bakery being the family-owned firm is based on the business, where there are 70 employees. The company needs to categorize the medium to the large-scale company where the solutions are set for the business. It is important for the small business and the home-based business which have 1-5 members. There is software which can handle the delivery of the financial accounting functionality, their review, and the reports. AIS like the QuickBooks, SAGE and the XERO is set as certain examples. This includes the class of the AIS which is important for the small to the medium scale business with 100 active users. The software is also able to handle the different functionalities where the high demands are mainly for the information support. (Davenport, 2013). The reports are relating to the software which is scalable and then associated with the database which is completely robust. Certain other examples are Exact Max, QuickBooks Enterprise, CYMA, Microsoft Dynamics, SAP by design. This is based on the AIS that allows the organization to have more than 100 active users. The system can handle the different features and the functionalities which are based on the SAP, Oracle, etc. This is for the different processes that include the AIS for the SMB where there are support from50 active users for the diversified times with the range of accounting and the other financial activities. Here, the forms are set for the business intelligence, HR, and the web services to handle the manufacturing and the distribution of the services. It includes the better customer relationship management. The solutions could easily be set with the customization based on the processes that include the software with high modularity, stability, and the flexibility. The needs are mainly for the Microsoft Windows Environment and the Microsoft SQL which is based on the backend database. (Hoffer, 2012). The implementation is important for the client-server or the online platform. This works on the basis where there is support for the setting of operations with the easy use of the software. The integration is based on the different modules of the software which works on the maximization of the ROI of the business. The decision-making processes with the users can easily identify and define the forms which include the users who can add the defined fields with the business rules. The decision-making processes are important for performing the specific tasks with the customization that will lead to handling the need for the gradation. This can handle the different key functions with the proper production planning, logistics, and the quality management in an effective manager. Here, the training and the corporate services are set for the real estate management so that the system can build the best support for the service oriented architectures. (Belfo et al., 2013). The project standards a re set with the companies who try to plan for the implementation and then upgrading to the SAP ERP systems with easy integration of the system to save the implementation from the failure. The deployment and the maintenance costs are based on the improved production efficiency with the minimization of the shortage and the interruption functions. Here, the forms are set with the generalized accounting solutions that are for the SMB data. Here, a proper lookup has been for the SaaS details which are related to the cloud accounting solutions. The robust sets are for the professional services and to work on the integrated process of the finance, CRM. The companies belong to the light manufacturing industry with the suitable form of the implementation of the software. The advantages for this are: The easy access to the software, support mainly for the international account as well as the financial transaction support. The multi-currency and the multi-language support is improving the cost of ownership, which reduces and the management is set across the organization in a controlled manner. Here, the forms are also established for the cloud-based solutions with the built-in of the disaster recovery system and the enhanced support for the security. The forms are set for the B Bakery system where the software need to work on the integration of the platform with the capability to handle the different operations as well as the transactions of the decision-making process. A proper use of the SAGE 100 ERP will help in improving the quality of the accounting software. With this, there is a possibility to work on the different business process and check on the connection with the integrated platforms. There are different ranges of the business which are available on the system through the software, where the vendors, customers, and the in-house users tend to connect to the system mainly through the BYOD. The management of the CRM, sales and the integrated platform helps in easy transformation of the raw data with easy processing that will add the advantage to the system. The information from the business comes with the intelligence analysis, where the system is through the discovery of the potential customer, products and the demand for the market management. For this, there is a need to check on the safer stock control which will help in easy understanding and change the procedures of the potential customers. The understanding is based on the customer r equirements with the hold of the easy and the better formats of work. (Hooffer, 2012). The relationship is based on integration with the forms of the product stability, maintenance, integration, and the reports. This is based on the collaboration with the social media that will help in easy delivering of the better CRM experience. The information from the business intelligence will also help in maintaining the records of the customer with the historical and the inventory data that is based on the understanding of the potential customers, and their requirements. The billing and the other operations could easily be set through the billing and payment modules that are for the invoicing and handling the quick payment factors. (Stair et al., 2012). The expenses are for the invoices which could easily be reduced to the forms that include the automation process with the lesser effort. The forms of the Days Sales Outstanding is reduced with the redundant form of the data entry where the time required for the invoicing is based on the handling of the processes of billion and th e automated invoicing. The processes for the SAGE ERP 100 is set for the managers to handle the processing of the orders, payment and the collection in an easy manner. The information could easily be added to the system of ERP with the forms where the company has the liability to work on earning more revenue and the benefit. The receiving of the ROI (Return on Investment) will be more and faster with the improved functions. The standards of the transformation will depend on the relationship services along with working over the different system standards. (Davenport, 2013). Conclusion For the easy management of the system, there is a need to focus on the business processes which is set through the integrated and the simplified, robust version. (Madapusi et al., 2012). Here, the management and the fulfillment of the orders is based on organizing the system in an effective manner. The services are set to the value added formats which are for the software development. The business also applies to the addition of the AIS implementation with the statistics that tend to achieve the advantages. References Anandarajan, M., Anandarajan, A. and Srinivasan, C.A. eds., 2012.Business intelligence techniques: a perspective from accounting and finance. Springer Science Business Media. Bajdor, P. and Grabara, I., 2014. 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